what are the types of solar energy

Solar energy can be harnessed in different forms, and there are primarily two major types: photovoltaic solar energy and solar thermal energy. These types utilize sunlight in distinct ways to generate electricity or heat. 1. Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Energy: This type of solar energy uses photovoltaic cells, typically made of silicon, to convert sunlight directly into electricity. When sunlight hits the PV cells, it excites electrons, causing them to flow and generate direct current (DC) electricity. This electricity is then converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter, which can be used to power homes, businesses, and devices. • Applications: • Residential solar panels on rooftops • Solar-powered gadgets (e.g., calculators, lights) • Large-scale solar farms feeding power into the grid • Advantages: • Clean and renewable energy • Scalable from small devices to large power plants • Can be installed in urban and rural areas 2. Solar Thermal Energy: Solar thermal energy captures sunlight to produce heat, which can then be used for various purposes such as heating water, buildings, or generating electricity. Unlike PV, this method focuses on using the sun’s heat rather than converting it into electricity directly. • Types of Solar Thermal Energy: