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To qualify for the Nobel Prize in
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physics, one must be nominated by
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approved nominators. Self-nomination is
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not allowed. Candidates must be alive at
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nomination. The prize honors
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groundbreaking discoveries with proven
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long-term impact, often recognized
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decades later. It can be shared by up to
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three people. The process is
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confidential for 50 years and the final
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decision rests with the Royal Swedish
